The Warring States Geography Aliases The warring states Type Countries Region Kara-Tur Inhabitants of the Warring States The Warring States (or simply the warring states ) were a group of countries in the south of Kara-Tur known for their conflicts. Contentsshow Location They lay in the wooded lands south of T'u Lung and between Petan in the west and Malatra in the east. Relations The. Appocto mega pack 1.0 crack.
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The period of the Warring States (Zhanguo or Chan-Kuo) refers to the era of about 475 BCE to 221BCE. It commenced at a time of when the numerous petty city-state kingdoms of the Spring and Autumn periodhad been consolidated into seven major contenders and a few minor enclaves.The above map shows a delineation of the states.The exact description of the states is subject to some uncertainty and the above map is based upon the mapof the Warring States given in China: Empire and Civilization edited byEdward L. Shaughnessy and published by Oxford University Press in 2000 on page 27.
There was a largerstate of Jin which broke up into the states of Han, Wu and Zhao. There also wasto the south the state of Chu and to the east the states of Qi and Yan. Thesestates, Han, Wu, Zhao, Chu, Qi and Yan, were thought to be the six majorcontenders for domination. As it turned out it was the state of Qin in thewest that emerged victorious. Qin was not only not initially consideredone of the contenders, it was not even considered fully Chinese. It hadbarbarian roots. But that is a subject for later.
Advances in military technology gave superiority to larger states with the resources totake advantage of the newer technology. Part of this technology was the castingof individual weapons which allowed the arming of foot soldiers. In previouseras the fighting was done by aristocrats in chariots. Chariots were notproduced on a mass production basis so participation in the battles was limitedto a small proportion of the population, the ruling elite of the city-states.But with the development of the casting of individual weapons there was amarked advantage to states with the economic resources to produce the weapons andthe population to provide large armies to use these weapons.
This military technology made the consolidation ofsmaller states into larger states an inevitability.
The Warring States period is usually interpreted as a time of endlessbrutal wars that came as a result of friction among the seven states and thatthis unfortunate state of affairs could end only with one state bringing allinto one empire. This interpretation is probably propaganda for the'One China' policy. First of all the Warring States period was not so bleak.It was a time of great intellectual ferment. The Confucian philosophersMencius and Hsun-tzu taught and wrote during the period. Administrativesystems were developed for territorial states to replace the methods thatworked only for relatively small city states. The wars that occurred were notgenerally ones due to diplomatic or territorial frictions among the sevenstates but instead were wars stemming from one state attempting to conquer andcontrol all of the states. In other words, the formation of the empire camenot as a result of anarchy but as a result of greed and drive for power. The wastefuland bloody conquest of the separate states was justified as an unfortunatenecessity to end the era of anarchy, but the wars were primarily those ofempire-building.
The kingdom of Qin of the northwest finally conquered the southeasternkingdom of Chu in 223 BCE. The last opponents were conquered two yearslater in 221 BCE, thus creating the Empire of Qin (China). This dynastydid not last long. After the death of Shihuangdi (First August Emperor) in 210 BCE his successor held the Qin Empire together for only a few years. Shihuang-di was searching for an elixir that would give him immortality. Some of the elixirs hetried may have shortened his life.For more on the rise and fall of the Qin Empire see Rise and Fall.
The ruling family of Han then took control of the former Qin Empire whichbecame the Han Empire. The Han adopted from the Qin Empire the idea of professional bureaucrats runningthe empire, but instead of the legalists the Han bureaucratswere scholars chosen by competitive examinations. The Han Empire roughly matched the period of theRoman Empire in West. Logoist 3.1 crack torrent.
For more on the history of China see China.
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